Precise Let-7 Expression Levels Balance Organ Regeneration against Tumor Suppression


Authors: L. Wu, L.H. Nguyen, K. Zhou, T.Y. de Soysa, L. Li, H. Zhu et al.

Journal: eLife

DOI: 10.7554/eLife.09431.001

Publication - Abstract

October 07, 2015

microRNA Nucleic Acid Lipid Nanoparticles Oncology

Abstract:

The in vivo roles for even the most intensely studied microRNAs remain poorly defined. Here, analysis of mouse models revealed that let-7, a large and ancient microRNA family, performs tumor suppressive roles at the expense of regeneration. Too little or too much let-7 resulted in compromised protection against cancer or tissue damage, respectively. Modest let-7 overexpression abrogated MYC-driven liver cancer by antagonizing multiple let-7 sensitive oncogenes. However, the same level of overexpression blocked liver regeneration, while let-7 deletion enhanced it, demonstrating that distinct let-7 levels can mediate desirable phenotypes. let-7 dependent regeneration phenotypes resulted from influences on the insulin-PI3K-mTOR pathway. We found that chronic high-dose let-7 overexpression caused liver damage and degeneration, paradoxically leading to tumorigenesis. These dose-dependent roles for let-7 in tissue repair and tumorigenesis rationalize the tight regulation of this microRNA in development, and have important implications for let-7 based therapeutics.


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