Linkage Between Endosomal Escape of LNP-mRNA and Loading into EVs for Transport to Other Cells


Authors: M. Maugeri, M. Nawaz, A. Papadimitriou, A. Angerfors, A. Camponeschi, M. Na, M. Hölttä, P. Skantze, S. Johansson, M. Sundqvist, J. Lindquist, T. Kjellman, I.-L. Mårtensson, T. Jin, P. Sunnerhagen, S. Östman, L. Lindors, and H. Valadi

Journal: Nature Communications

DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-12275-6

Publication - Abstract

September 24, 2019

Nucleic Acid Lipid Nanoparticles mRNA

Abstract

RNA-based therapeutics hold great promise for treating diseases and lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) represent the most advanced platform for RNA delivery. However, the fate of the LNP-mRNA after endosome-engulfing and escape from the autophagy-lysosomal pathway remains unclear. To investigate this, mRNA (encoding human erythropoietin) was delivered to cells using LNPs, which shows, for the first time, a link between LNP-mRNA endocytosis and its packaging into extracellular vesicles (endo-EVs: secreted after the endocytosis of LNP-mRNA). Endosomal escape of LNP-mRNA is dependent on the molar ratio between ionizable lipids and mRNA nucleotides. Our results show that fractions of ionizable lipids and mRNA (1:1 molar ratio of hEPO mRNA nucleotides:ionizable lipids) of endocytosed LNPs were detected in endo-EVs. Importantly, these EVs can protect the exogenous mRNA during in vivo delivery to produce human protein in mice, detected in plasma and organs. Compared to LNPs, endo-EVs cause lower expression of inflammatory cytokines.


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